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This article needs attention from an expert on the subject. Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article. When placing this tag, consider with a. (August 2010) Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya Mistri Mestri Total population (51,000 [ ]) Regions with significant populations India Languages, Religion Hindu Related ethnic groups,,, Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya also known as or Mestri are a minority and one of the community of in India, whom claim to be. They are an artisan community related with works. Most are employed as laborers under construction contractors They are known for their artistic and master craftsman skills in constructing forts, temples, palaces, ornate decorations, idols and other buildings and statues that led to them being referred to as by the.

[ ] This term was later used to refer to them as a separate caste known as the a.k.a. Mistris of Kutch. S belonging to war heroes of Mistris of Kutch, standing at dating back to 1178 AD The community is believed to be from and first entered into Saurashtra and founded 36 villages in the area, while others moved further into Kutch. Around 1177–78 AD ( 1234), a major group migrated to Kutch from Saurashtra under the leadership of Patel Ganga Maru. They settled in the village of. There are several of the community, located near village pond of Dhaneti, standing as memorials of the war that was fought in 1178 AD.

The community members still go once every year to offer and their respects to their fore-fathers. This group, later, made their distinct identity not only by building historical forts, palaces, temples and architects in Kutch but also all over British India, primarily in the fields of railways and coal mining. The Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas left Dhaneti and went on to establish eighteen villages in Kutch which were granted to them by the King:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, and.

Over the centuries, they have been known or identified by names like Mistri, Mistry, Mistris of Kutch, Kutchi Contractor, Kadia, Kadia Kshatriyas,, Kumar Gnati, Kutch Gurjar Kshatirya, Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya Samaj, KGK Samaj, Kgk community, etc. Culture [ ] They are a Hindu community. Some are followers of and sect of Hinduism, They are vegetarian in diet and avoid consumption of alcohol. The staple food is, vegetables, pulses and. The community consists of clans like,,,,,,,,,, Khodiyar,,, Vegad, Varu,,, etc., who enjoy same status.

However, most of people prefer to pre-fix Mistri to their name. The community are an community who practice the principle of clan. Is generally not asked for, neither practice of is there in community. Divorce is generally not encouraged; however, divorce can be claimed in certain cases. Betrothal ceremony generally precedes marriage, which is held usually within one year of engagement and marriage is observed as per Hindu rites. Widow remarriage ( ghargenu) is allowed, where the women is usually married outside husband's family. In Kutch [ ].

A built by Seth Khora Ramji Chawda in year 1900 standing at village Sinugra, shows the unique architect and skill of Mistris of Kutch. Such huge Chabutra are rare to be found in whole of India The Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas were master craftsmen, architects and contractors and have played a major role in erection and construction of the majority of forts, palaces and architecture of Kutch. It was because of this quality that around the mid 16th century they came to be known as Mistri in Kutch.

The word Mistri (or ) means 'skilled artisan' in. [ ] The Portuguese were present in Gujarat from around 1500 AD and the was fought in 1509 where the Portuguese later built.

They also acknowledged the community's expertise in building fortress and called them mestre. Even the Muslim rulers accepted the expertise of the Kadias and were always sought after for building forts and fortress. The community was also known to travel far and wide for building such forts, palaces, etc. Their original roots were in in. The community members who were expert builders were patronized by kings of for their ability to design fort and some members of the community holding the post of.

Not only the community members were expert and specialized in stone cutting and construction of forts, palaces, temples and buildings but they were also skilled architects and artisans who could do articulate carvings of doors, windows, pillars, and statues of gods and goddesses and ceilings. Mistry Pitambar Padma was in the 18th century. Later his son 'Gaidher' Jagmal Pitamber of Anjar was Gaidher of the in early to middle of the 19th century during time of, when the forts of Bhuj, Anjar,, and were constructed under Jagmal Pitamber and other Mistri of the eighteen villages.

The Mistris of Kutch were also involved in construction and erection of built on sea-beach of by, as summer palace for his son and heir. The carved stone works of,,,, and many other artistic stone carvings, on windows and door panels all have been done by them, an art in which they were expert. The architect and craftsman from other places like, Rajasthan, Bengal and Saurashtra, were also involved. The construction started in 1920 completed in 1929.

Migration out of Kutch [ ] The major migration of KGK from Kutch began when the British started laying railway lines in India. The KGK community which had been skilled in construction works decided to move out of Kutch and try to adapt their skills to railway lines and allied constructions for which the British needed a skilled workforce. The community were expert in stone-cutting, lime-paste making and brick manufacturing as well as in the construction of buildings and forts for centuries and decided to cash in on these new opportunities as there was a dearth of new jobs and opportunities in Kutch. Kutch was also going through a famine in those years. The KGK made a major contribution to the history of Indian railways, laying railway lines throughout British India.

[ ] Many families also migrated to other, such as,,, South Africa, Fiji, Burma, and the during the middle of the 19th century. They were encouraged by the British as these countries lacked skilled persons. They have worked in building the Aden railway, the Ceylon Government Railway, for the Burma Railway Company, Sittang Valley State Railway, Mu Valley State Railway, Thaton-Duyinzaik Railway, Irrawaddy Valley State Railway,, and the.

Today their descendants are found in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zanzibar, etc. Although at present many have moved out of East Africa and settled in the United Kingdom, the USA or have returned to India after the political uncertainty during 1960–80. This was especially true during the in the mid-1960s and during the rule of in Uganda. Indian railways [ ]. Main article: It was during 1850 to 1930 AD that the KGK migrated outside Kutch and were involved in the construction of major rail-bridges and the laying down of railway tracks in almost all major rail routes of undivided British India doing the 'Railway Thekedari' ( also Thikadari) and as (or Thikadar) in projects and Forest Department and Public Works Department.

They have also done major roadway, road bridges, canal works, irrigation dams and barrage work throughout from 1850 to 1980. The communities largest contribution is in the building of the early railway lines and bridges throughout British India.

Their works in Railway construction span from 1850 to 1980 for more than one and a quarter of century. Starting as small-time masons in railway construction in the 1850s and later working as sub-contractors or agent to British engineers, they rose to a level of first class railway contractors by 1880.

By 1900 they had established their monopoly in various divisions of railways throughout north, south, east and west of British India, and by 1920 they became masters in this field that many of them were given title of by British exclusively for their engineering feats in erection of railway bridges and laying lines in most difficult terrain. Their feats are amazing also because almost all of the early pioneering Mistri contractors could only write in Gujarati and had hardly studied up to third standard in vernacular schools of their dusty villages, still they managed to build bridges and lay railway lines, which required scientific measurement and calculation and could manage to work and speak with British Railway officers and engineers.

[ ] They preferred to work as a syndicate, where the railway contracts would be taken by them and sub-let to fellow Mistri contractors belonging to their 19 villages. Thus they held sway in many divisions of Railways in British India. There was dearth of skilled persons in India who were ready to work in difficult terrains of mountains and jungles due to the risk of being killed by diseases like malaria, cholera, plague and by wild animals or gangs of robbers and outlaws. The early British records of many railway companies have noted that many British engineers and labour resigned, left or even perished due to killer diseases like malaria, cholera and from the effects of the heat and sun while laying the railway lines. Working as a railway contractor in these early days meant staying away from home for many months, or even years.

In these difficult circumstances the KGK were the pioneers, laying lines as far as,, and, thousands of miles away from their homes in Kutch. Before the arrival of the railways the main means of transport were horse-cart, bullock-cart or moving on foot. They used to travel with their families and children and there are many records of their children being born in remote jungles. [ ] The laying of the railways needed a lot of physical labor and stamina for jobs like leveling the earth, the cutting back of the jungle, blasting of mountain passes and cuttings, laying along tracks and walking several of miles daily.

Mechanical knowledge for track,, and advanced engineering calculations for building bridges and their arches and, laying foundations in river beds, deep well-sinking, laying and many such technical jobs. Similarly they built the, the, the 's room, ticket counters, rest rooms and other facilities such as over-head water tanks, the digging of ponds nearby for an uninterrupted supply of water, building the, and staff quarters. [ ] The railways needed an uninterrupted supply of bricks, boulders and lime-paste for building of the infrastructure in those early days between 1850 and 1900. The KGK also known as (lime workers) for many decades, cashed in on this opportunity and many of them started and in remote, forested and inaccessible areas of British India to supply the materials.

The railways needed bricks of specific sizes and dimensions which were a little bigger and stronger than the ordinary bricks used in house construction. It should be noted here that in those days lime-paste was used for construction. The community were also expert in the art of stone cutting that they had inherited from their fore-fathers, who were masters at building forts.

These cut-rocks have been used in most old bridges and platform buildings and can still be seen surviving today. [ ] In history of India, Mistris of Kutch are probably the only community, whose migration out of their home land Kutch, was attributed to construction of Railways in British era. This is a unique fact about association of Railways and Mistris of Kutch [ ] Docks, dams and canals in British India [ ] The KGK contributed to the building of docks, dams, barrages and irrigation canals between 1850 and 1980, [ ] and they in the eighteenth century had been among the communities who built the first and.

Other docks were developed in Bombay during 1870–1895 (Prince's Docks built in 1885 and Victoria Docks built in 1891 ) in which many Mistris of Kutch and Kadia Kshatriyas of Saurahstra worked. In 1883 the Mandvi Port Docks and a bridge over the at were built by Vishram Karman Chawda of. It is the longest stone bridge of its kind in India. [ ] Mining [ ] Coal mining [ ] In the regions of British India known as, and, the Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas pioneered Indian involvement in coal mining from 1894. They broke the previous monopolies held by British and other Europeans, establishing many collieries at locations such as,,,,,, Kusunda,,,,,,,,, -,,,,,,, and. Of Sinugra was the first Indian to break the British monopoly in the Jharia Coalfields. Natwarlal Devram Jethwa says that The East Indian Railway in 1894-95 extended its line from to via and.

Khora Ramji in 1894 was working on railway lines contract of Jharia branch line and with his brother Jetha Lira was also building Jharia Railway Station, when he discovered coal in Jharia belt. The location of his three collieries named, Khas Jherria, Gareria is mentioned also in 1917 Gazetteers of Bengal, Assam, Bihar and Orissa.

Other Indian communities followed the example of the KGK in the Dhanbad-Jharia-Bokaro fields after the 1930s. These included the,,,, and. Encyclopaedia of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa -1920 mentions:- 'Out of 92 collieries belonging to in Coalfields Area during 1920s - 50 belonged to with Seth Khora Ramji as Head of them all.' Seth Khora Ramji of Sinugra was also honored by King of Kutch by giving him a. Mineral mining [ ] Arjan Ladhha Rathod and Varjang Harji Rathod of founded the manganese ore mines at in 1910 and Arjan Ladhha Mines sometimes misspell as Arjun Lodha Mines. Lalji Jhina of Anjar also owned manganese ore mines in. Rai Sahib Mulji Jagmal Savaria of and of owned manganese, dolomite and limestone mines at,,, in Central Provinces.

Jeevram Jairam Chawda of Sinugra owned minerals mines in. The community members also owned slate and granite mines in and minerals mines in. Of Nagor owned Silica mines in. Hirji Premji Parmar of and Deoji Jairam Solanki of Madhapar owned soap-stone and kaoline mines at and. Contribution in architects and development of cities of India [ ] Apart from laying the first railway lines and building docks of Bombay, the Mistris of Kutch and were also involved in construction of for, and both for,,,,,, to name a few in city of. [ ] Cutch Castle of Bombay, the royal palace belonging to Rulers of Kutch was erected by Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja Chauhan of of KGK Community for Maharao, who shared a personal friendship with Jagmal Raja.

In 1929, the British authorities named a railway station as, after a railway contractor of the community of, a rare honor in those days. In apart from building Docks of and railway lines and building complex of for and for, the community were involved in construction of. Many Victorian buildings in Kolkata have been built by the karigars (artisans) of the community of Kutch, says Pramod Jethi, an authority on Kutchi art.

They were also involved in construction of. In 1923 by request of Commissioner, Kadia Bhanji Dhanji Rathod of had done repair and rehabilitation of with Ranchhod Ramji Chauhan of, as per tablet in Temple's records.

In 1932 upon completion of, Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja Chauhan of was recommended by the erstwhile, to, Shree Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, who needed a contractor of repute to do renovation and rehabilitation of his palaces and temples. He was given the contract for the same and Parbat Harji Chauhan, Karaman Devji Chauhan both of and Manji Shivjee of Madhapar were delegated by Jagmal Raja to go to,, with a team of artisans and masons to supervise and complete the work.

It took about two and half years for the job to be completed. Religious and charitable contributions outside Kutch [ ] Members of the KGK community have funded the construction of and also built many temples, and schools. These buildings include the Kutchi Ashram at in 1954–56, the Kutchi Kadia Dharamsala in, the Gujarati Dharamshala in, and the Ram Temples at and. [ ] In 1920 a charitable trust for promoting education called Jharia Vidhhyotejak Fund was started by Mistri Colliery owners.

This Fund started the Jharia Gujarati Primary School in 1920 and also gave scholarship to the children of their society. At, a school named Gujarati Pathshala started in 1928, which was renamed as Anglo Gujarati School in 1941 was started by Rai Saheb Kunwarji Karsan Rathod of Madhapar. A public library was also started by him in 1931.

Jairam Daya Chauhan of, who built Temple at also donated a large sum to start a college in named J. Bytco Commerce And N. Chandak Science College and D D Bytco Boys High School and Jr College both at Nasik. Rai Sahib Mulji Jagmal and Ranchhod Jagmal Savaria built a hospital in.

Nanji Govindji Tank of built the existing Hindu Cemetorium and also a Ram Temple both at and was one of the founder-trustee of the 'Gujarati Sanatan Samaj' Community Center. Kanji Daya Chawda of Sinugra, built a in now named Kanji Daya Dharamsala for public and charitable use in 1934. Downturn in fortunes [ ] The majority of the once-prosperous KGK community living in Kutch and Saurashtra today are devoid of agricultural land and have been included in the list of Socially and Educationally Backward Class community in Gujarat. Those who migrated from the state cannot take advantage of this reservation. Present status [ ] Distribution in India [ ] KGK community members are found throughout India, notably near to the major rail routes and junctions associated with the work of their forebears. [ ] Communities exist in the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal. Social organization and activities in present times [ ] KGK associations exist today in various Indian states, and there are meetings and events organised at local, state and national level.

These include match-making events, called Sagpan-Sanmmelan, and the traditional dispute resolution by elected community elders continues with the. There is an annual gathering in Kutch, their native state and their national President is elected every three years by way of voting. They also have a woman's wing called Mahila Mandal at state and national level. Every three years a woman president is also elected by ladies of the community. The woman's wing works independently and in co-operation with the president of the community. The national level women's body of Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas is called Akhil Bharatiya Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya samaj Mahila Mandal.

The woman president of this wing then appoints her working committee members. The Mahila Mandal was founded in 1976 and first Mahila Mandal Pramukh or President of Women's Wing of Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas was elected. In 1996 the community elected a woman to be Mahasabha Pramukh, or President of the community. [ ] Similarly, they also have a youth wing at state and national organizational levels called All India Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya Samaj Yuva Mahamandal. The young generation helps in organizing major national and state level events and the youths also organize a sports event every three years called Kutchyad, taking cue and inspiration from the of.

The event also coincides with Dance, Music and match-making event. Every year a mass-marriage event is also held called Samuh-Lagna where the marriages of financially weak families or couples are held with blessings and financial co-operation of the whole community. The first such event by the community was held on 10 May 1966, with six marriages at and later on a larger scale in 1972.

It continues to be held every year since then at different locations in India. Religious customs and beliefs in present days [ ] Community members are still carrying forward the religious customs and beliefs embedded in them since many centuries ago and continue to follow Hindu religious customs. Lezioni Americane Di Italo Calvino Ebook Readers there. They are still followers of different sects of Hinduism. [ ] The newly wed couple come at least once to bow to their at the temples which are located in the eighteen villages in Kutch founded by their ancestors.

The newly weds also go and offer their respects at the of their and located in Kutch. There is a custom to offer special prayers and called Kar to their Kuldevis whenever a boy is born in the family. [ ] Present day identity [ ] Other than being referred to as the Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya, the terms 'KGK Community' or 'Kgk Samaj' are more often used acronyms for the community in present-day India at a national level. 'Mistri', which was mostly used during the last century and before is nowadays only used in Kutch and Gujarat. However, the Other Backward Class Certificate as per the report are given in the name of the Mistri only.

KGK Community in other fields [ ] • (1860–1923) has been credited by British themselves as the first Indian to break monopoly of Europeans in coalfields belt in year 1894 going on to establish ten collieries. He was also a Railway Contractor and Banker of repute and his life sketch is mentioned by British authorities in Encyclopaedia of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, Year 1920. • Govamal Jiwan Chauhan (1855–1929) of Kumbharia was also a Railway Contractor of repute and Coal Mines owner and Banker. His exploits as Railway Contractor and life sketch is also noted by British authorities in Encyclopaedia of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, Year 1924-25.

The coal mines business established by him in 1910 was carried on by his sons Amarsinh Gowamal and Manji Gowamal carried on his coal mines business after his death till nationalization of coal mines in 1972-73. • (1887–1974) who established himself in and Bombay was a railway contractor of repute having built several Railroad and bridges in India and especially noted for building.

He also was a noted Industrialist, banker, miner, aviator and philanthropist and was one of the pioneers in glass and ceramic industry, aviation & navigation business. He was owner of.

• (1898–1976) was a reputed Railway and Civil Contractor, businessman & philanthropist, who established himself in. • (1905–1958) who lived in, was a noted coal mines owner, freedom fighter and politician • (1898–1967) was a railway contractor, a Mill-owner, Mines owner & philanthropist. British authorities named railway station after him.

• (1884-1948) was a noted railway contractor and industrialist based. • (1889–1956) was a noted railway and civil contractor, miner & businessman, who lived in. • (1889–1972) was a noted railway Contractor, real estate owner & philanthropist who established himself in. • (1885–1968) who established himself at was a reputed Railway Contractor, industrialist & philanthropist.

He is noted for founding of. • (1912-1995) was a leading businessman and mill owner from. • (1913–1989) was a leading industrialist, who is noted for founding first steel plant of. • (b 1966) of is a former Spin Bowler, who played for Indian Cricket team from 1993 to 1998, belongs to the community.

• Bharat Purshottam Tank (1966–2009) son of Purshottam Jagmal Tank of Kukma living in was a drummer, who created a national record in beating drums non-stop for 123 hours and 20 minutes at the age of 22 in year 1988. • Pragji Mohanji Rathor (1918–2006) of Nagalpar, who lived in and later in, was a noted person in medicines and science. He was an authority in Urine therapy and have written many books on Shivambu Chikitsa or and Ayurvdic medicines in Gujarati language. His weekly articles used to be published in various Gujarati publications and newspapers. He was honored by Gujarat Government.

The noted book written by him is Vigyan Ki Kasauti Par: Swamutra Chikitsa. During his lifetime he was President of Gujarat Vaidya Mandal and worked on several posts of. • Dharshi Jethalal Tank (1919–2010) of has his name recorded in for Mathematical Calculations of having evolved a method of finding 10,00,000 prime numbers in the shortest possible time. He was also the editor and compliar of the book Nanji Bapa ni Nondh-pothi published in 1999. The book was given Ank-Sidhhi award by Kuth Shakti at a function held in in 2000. [ ] • (b 1928) living in, is a noted writer, painter and environment activist from the community.

KGK as pioneers of social reforms [ ] The Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya community have not practiced the system of compulsory or forced for many years. In addition, widows were in general allowed to remarry by community elders, i.e.

The 'Moti Naat' and the ', on a case to case basis for more than two centuries – much before the was brought into in 1856. The word used for such widow remarriage was 'Ghar-gharana'.

Even the young widows having infants were also allowed to remarry in case the second husband guaranteed to take care of child born from first marriage. There was a word called 'agandiyaat' used for the young boy which came to his stepfather's house holding the finger of its mother. The word 'angadi' in Gujarati language means finger and 'angadiyaat' means the one who has come holding the finger.

[ ] Sometimes, when the family of first husband, wished that son born from her first marriage should carry the name and title or surname of his deceased father, such arrangements were also given. In 1968, a Samuh-Lagna (mass community marriage) event was held on experimental basis by the Ghatak (unit) of the KGK community. Six couples were married in this first such mass-marriage event and the KGK were probably one of the first Indian communities to arrange such a thing in post-independence India. [ ] In 1972, another Samuh-Lagna for financially weak families of the community was held. There are now Samuh-Lagna held annually at different locations in India.

Re-organization of KGK in post-independence India [ ] Around 1942 onwards the historic 'Naat' and 'Patel' system came to an end due to some internal problems as well as national level turbulence including World War-II, the Indian Independence movement, the partition of India, merger of the princely states and formation of the Union of India. The community, most of which were involved in railway 'Thekedari' and lay scattered across the various states of India could not re-organize themselves and for almost three decades the Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas lost their unity and leadership. The Patel system and Moti-Naat started to collapse around 1945 and was ended by 1950. In a community organization called Kshatriya Seva Sangh was established in 1935 and later a greater organization called Shree Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya Ganti Samaj was established in 1948 and in 1954 the community center was built in Raipur. [ ] Although the Moti-Naat went into a state of limbo around 1950 the and Raipur organizations were considered an extended part of Moti-Naat and were given the status of Gaam or village in addition to the 18 villages of Kutch. This status was given to them in view of the large population of KGK members living in both cities.

Until 1960 both Dhanbad and Raipur units continued to pay their community taxes and subscription to the Moti-Naat in Kutch. [ ] Later on a Yuvak Mahasabha, or Young Man's Association, of the community was formed in 1954 in. This Yuvak Mahasabha worked until 1968, with blessings from elders of the community, to bring a form a unity in but it could not replace Panch, Naat and the Patel system of historic times and the need for a greater organization was always needed. A community center was built by members of community during 1959–60 in Dhanbad at which later a Samuh-Lagna event was also organized by them in 1968, which can be said to be first such mass-marriage event before much publicized 1972 event held. Finally in 1971 the community re-organized themselves and first some leaders with good wishes of elders of community, met at and a resolution was passed to contact all families of the community spread throughout India and unite to elect a new leader by the next year. Accordingly, in 1972 the community again got together at and at a huge gathering at their on 3 June 1972, they unanimously elected their first President – Mahasabha Pramukh of post-independence India. The pre-independence Moti Naat was re-christened as Mahasabha and Patel was rechristened as Pramukh and the Panch system was re-established.

The new constitution of the community, charitable trusts and state and national level units were formed. A detailed a census with a list of community members was carried out. [ ] The community name Shree Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya Mahasabha was registered under The Societies Registration Act with its registered office at in 1972. [ ] In the, which had its epicenter in Kutch, the following villages of Mistris were largely affected and destroyed – Anjar, Sinugra, Khambhra, Devaliya, Chandiya, Nagalpar, Lovaria, etc. Many heritage houses and belonging to rich Mistri families, built almost 100 years ago, with ornate facades, intricate door carvings and metal grill windows and verandas depicting the life of Queen Victoria were all razed to the ground. There were also huge wall and ceiling paintings depicting scenes from Mahabharata and Ramayana which are no more.

The majestic interiors, doors and window panels of some of the houses were similar in design, which can still be seen in. Along with other communities of Kutch, the KGK suffered significant casualties as a result of the earthquake of 26 January 2001.

In many cases whole families of the KGK community were buried alive. The houses built by their fore-fathers were also lost, all being razed to the ground. References [ ]. Gujarat Samachar. Archived from on 16 May 2012.

Retrieved 20 July 2012. Divya Bhaskar.

9 February 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2012. Times of India. 24 June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2012. Dainik Bhaskar. 6 December 2011.

Archived from on 11 October 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2013. Divya Bhaskar. 6 February 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2012. Archived from on 20 December 2012.

Retrieved 2013-09-30. Oxford University Press. MESTRI: They are also known as Mistri. Kota in Rajasthan is believed to be their native place from where they came to Kutch in vs 1234 in search of livelihood.

In Gujarat, the community is distributed in about eighteen villages of the Bhuj and Anjar • ^. Express India. 18 February 2008. Archived from on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2017. • ^ Encyclopaedia of Backward Castes By Neelam Yadav Page 316. • Encyclopaedia of Backward Castes By Neelam Yadav Page 264, 316 • ^ Kumar Ganti Itihass (History of Kumar Gnati) Published in year 1896.

Kutch Mitra Daily. 23 June 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-30. • ^ Article on Widow Re-marriage (custom of Ghar-gharana) prevalent in Samaj by Nanji Mulji Chauhan of.

(Samaj Sandesh: 1996 August Page 12) • ^. Postans (1839).. • ^ Kutch Darpan (Gujarati magazine published from ) August 2009 issue (article on Jagmal Raja Chauhan) • ^ Diary of Golden Days at Jharia – A Memoir and History of Gurjar Kashtriya Samaj of Kutch in Coalfields of Jharia – written by Natwarlal Devram Jethwa of Calcutta (1998).

• 26 July 2011 at the. • Thomas Gatten, TNN 13 December 2008, 04.29am IST..

Retrieved 2013-09-30. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list () •.

Controller of Publications - Bihar. It was the existence of coal that first attracted the railway authority to extend the railways and with them came the Gujarati people as an expert railway contractor with an experience of railway construction work at Thana. They then met Raja of Jharia and purchased some having underneath wast wealth in shape of coal. • ^ Encyclopedia of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa by British Authority (1920) •. Retrieved 2013-09-30. Retrieved 2013-09-30. Retrieved 2013-09-30.

• India at a Glance: A comprehensive reference book on India by T. Published by Orient Longmans in 1954 (Coal Mines Section) • Indigenous Enterprise in the Indian Coal Mining Industry c. 1835–1939, C.P. Published in 1976. • Report on the production and consumption of coal in India of 1921 India. Of Statistics (Superintendent Government Printing, 1921 – Technology and Engineering). Retrieved 2013-09-30.

• ^ Cuttack, one thousand years, Volume 2, Page 293 • Samaj Sandesh: 2009 December • Rethinking Indian culture: challenges and responses by Sitakant Mahapatra, Harish Chandra Das, Abhiram Biswal, Institute of Oriental and Orissan Studies - 2001- Page 32 • 17 June 2011 at the. • Indian Anthropologist - Volumes - 1966- 26-28 - Page 44 • Trading Community of India: An Anthropological Study of Ethnicity by Nilakantha Panigrahi, Premananda Panda, Premanatha Panda (anthropologist.)- 2000 - Page 188 • ^. Divya Bhaskar. 21 January 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2013. • Encyclopaedia of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa by British Authorities (1925): Life sketch of Govamal Jiwan Chauhan •.

Retrieved 2013-09-30. • Modern Bombay and Indian states: T. Peters, Who's Who Publishers (India), 1942 • Modern Bombay and Indian States by T. Peters, Who's Who Publishers (India), 1942 (Pg 250 Life-sketch of Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja Chauhan) • Modern Bombay and her patriotic citizens: Published by Who's Who Publishers (India), 1941 – Article on Jagmal Raja Chauhan.

• Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain) 1934: Willingdon Bridge and Rai Bahadur Jagmal Raja Pg 80–110 • Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress, Volume 17 Asiatic Society of Bengal, Asiatic Society (Calcutta, India), Indian Science Congress Association Reference on Rai Bahadur Jagamal Raja. Retrieved 2013-09-30. • ^ Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya Samaj Mahasabha-Vasti Patrak (1972) – (History section). Published in 1972 in Gujarati language. Retrieved 2013-09-30. Government of India. Sri Moolji Jagmal, Contractor, Bilaspur had informed Madhya Pradesh government.

Of finding Chromite in hillock. Rathor, Kalyanji Ramji. The Managing Director, the Raipur Flour Mills Limited. Age 29 years. Belongs to family which came from Cutch first to Bihar in 1914 and did coal business and later established at Raipur in 1934. Has landed properties worth.

• ^ Sansmriti: A memoir written by Nanalal Amarsinh Chauhan of Bagalkot in Gujarati language published in 2004. (The book gives details of re-organization and history of KGK Samaj after 1950 till 1985 and also brief life-sketch of some noted people) •. Dainik Bhaskar. 1 November 2011. Archived from on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2013.

Gossip Girl Season 3 Torrent Download Tpb Mafia. • Samaj Sandesh (January, 2010) • •. Archived from the original on 11 August 2007. Retrieved 2013-09-30. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown () •.

Bisleri Beverages Limited. • Pramod Jethi is curator of Aina Mahal Trust, an authority on Kutchi art & artisans of Kutch region. He is also author of several books like: KUTCH: People & their handicrafts (2008), Co-author of A glorious heritage: Maharao Lakhpatji and the Aina Mahal by Pramod J.

Christopher (2000) & other several books in Gujarati & English Bibliography [ ] • Kumar Ganti Prakash by Gaurishankar Harishankar Ojha. Publisher: Patel Ramji Mandan (1898) (Gujarati book) • • Nanji Bapa ni Nondh-pothi published from Baroda, in the Gujarati, 1999. It is a diary of railway contracts done by the KGK community, noted by Nanji Govindji Tank at Jamshedpur throughout his lifetime with his last entry in 1954. The diary was discovered his son Govardhan Nanji Tank and released as a book compiled by Dharshibhai Jethalal Tank.

It was given the Aank Sidhhi award by Kutch Shakti at Mumbai in 2000. Book also has a section with photos on historical monuments and architects built by the Mistris of Kutch and has life-sketches of noted people of community. It has excerpts from the Encyclopedia of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa 1920 & 1925. • Diary of Golden Days at Jharia - A Memoir & History of Gurjar Kashtriya Samaj of Kutch in Coalfields of Jharia - written by Natwarlal Devram Jethwa of Calcutta (1998).

Gives history of community pioneers in coal mining in Jharia from 1894 till 1972 with life sketches of Seth Khora Ramji, Jetha Lira, Khimjee & Gangjee Dossa, Ramji Rupa, Jagmal Raja, Manji Jairam. Also the life-sketches of people of from other communities like Lala Karamchand Thapar, Diwan Bahadur D.

Thacker, Kripashankar & Harishankar Worah, Jatashankar Dossa Chanchani, Mavji Kalyanji, Ramjush Agarwalla, Waliram Taneja, Amritlal Ojha & many others from Jharia coalfields. • Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya Samaj: A brief History & Glory: by Raja Pawan Jethwa. (2007) Calcutta. The Book has separate sections: INTRODUCTION: Gives an overview of Kutch Gurjar Kshtriya community and its ancient history (I) KGK and Architect built by them mainly in Princely State of Cutch. (II) KGK and Railway: Gives details of some major Railway work with mileage wise details (III) KGK Surnames & History: Section gives details of various Kshatriya clan's history and origin of their surnames. (IV) Section deals with Kuldevi names various clans of KGK worship.

Further reading [ ] • Bhuj: art, architecture, history by Azhar Tyabji, Environmental Planning Collaborative (Ahmadābād, India) 2006 • A glorious heritage: Maharao Lakhpatji and the Aina Mahal by Pramod J. Christopher (2000) • 'KUTCH: People & their handicrafts' by Pramod J. Jethi & Nayana P. • 'Kutchi Leva Patel - Our Journey to prosperity' by S.

Published by Cutch Social & Cultural Society (London) and Printed by Umiya Printers (Bhuj, Kutch) The book mentions about Mistris of Kutch & their railway works & architects. • Indian Coal Statistics. India (Republic).